Tick-Borne Fevers & Diseases: Essential Guide for US Families

Ticks may look small and harmless, but these small parasites pose a significant health threat to families across the United States. From wooded trails to grass backyard, ticks are quietly hidden, ready to latch unheard hosts. It is important to understand tick-related fever and diseases to protect your loved ones. Here is your widespread guide to identify, prevent and respond to tick-related diseases.

Why Ticks Are a Growing Concern

Tick populations are on the rise across the U.S., partly due to warmer climates, expanding suburban development, and increased interactions between wildlife and humans. According to the CDC, tick-borne illnesses have doubled in recent years, surpassing 50,000 reported cases annually. Unfortunately, many tick bites go unnoticed until symptoms develop, underscoring the importance of awareness, prevention, and regular checks after outdoor activities. Ticks are especially problematic due to their ability to carry multiple pathogens at once, increasing the risk of co-infections that complicate treatment. With tick habitats expanding into urban and suburban environments, more households than ever are at risk.

Common Tick-Borne Diseases in the U.S.

Ticks carry a variety of diseases, but some are particularly common and concerning for families: Lyme Disease Lyme disease is America’s most prevalent tick-borne illness, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. Caused by bacteria spread by the black-legged tick (deer tick), Lyme disease often starts with symptoms like:

• A characteristic “bull’s-eye” rash
• Fever and chills
• Headache and fatigue

Without treatment, Lyme disease can lead to chronic joint, heart, and neurological problems. Early antibiotic treatment is highly effective, making early detection and diagnosis crucial. Families should recognize symptoms early and seek medical care promptly. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Despite its name, RMSF occurs nationwide and can be fatal if untreated. Transmitted primarily by the American dog tick, RMSF symptoms include:

• Sudden high fever
• Severe headache
• Muscle pain
• A spotted rash that often begins at wrists and ankles

Prompt medical care and antibiotics can successfully treat RMSF, but early detection is critical to preventing severe complications, including permanent damage or death. Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Spread by the lone star tick and black-legged tick respectively, these infections present flu-like symptoms:

• Fever and chills
• Headaches and muscle aches
• Nausea or vomiting

While usually treatable with antibiotics, these diseases can become severe rapidly, especially for older adults, young children, or those with compromised immune systems. Hospitalization may be required if treatment is delayed. Babesiosis Babesiosis infects red blood cells and is carried by black-legged ticks. It often causes mild symptoms resembling the flu, but in severe cases, it may lead to anemia and organ damage, especially in people with weakened immune systems or no spleen. Unlike bacterial infections, babesiosis requires specific anti-parasitic medications and careful medical management. Powassan Virus Rare but dangerous, Powassan virus can cause severe neurological problems like encephalitis or meningitis. Transmitted by the same ticks as Lyme disease, symptoms include:

• Fever
• Headache
• Confusion or seizures

There is currently no specific cure or vaccine available, so tick bite prevention is essential. The Powassan virus emphasizes the critical importance of protective measures, as outcomes can be serious.

Recognizing Tick Habitats

Ticks thrive in humid, grassy, wooded, and brush-filled areas. Typical tick hotspots include:

• Trails and wooded paths
• Tall grasses and leaf litter in yards
• Brush piles and woodpiles
• Areas near bird feeders or pet resting spots

Understanding tick habitats helps families take proactive steps to avoid exposure and reduce the likelihood of bites. Maintaining your yard by regularly mowing grass, clearing brush, and creating tick-free zones can significantly reduce your family’s risk. After removing a tick, it’s normal to notice slight redness or itching at the bite site. However, any unusual symptoms should be reported immediately to your healthcare provider.

When to Seek Medical Help

While most tick bites don’t lead to illness, monitoring symptoms after a bite is critical. Contact your doctor promptly if you experience:

• Unexplained fever or chills
• Rash or swelling around the bite area
• Severe headaches or body aches
• Flu-like symptoms within weeks of a bite

Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment significantly improve recovery outcomes for tick-borne illnesses. If you feel things have gone out of control, it is advised to contact pest control professionals. Our team can provide a customized approach to protect your home effectively.

Visit our Species, Control, and DIY Guide sections for additional resources on ticks and ways to tackle a tick infestation.